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Separable verbs in German (aufstehen, einkaufen…)

What separable verbs are, how the prefix splits off and jumps to the end of the sentence, and how they behave in questions, with modals and in the perfect tense.

Try one first — then read

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Many German verbs have a prefix that carries the meaning — aufstehen (to get up), einkaufen (to shop), fernsehen (to watch TV). In a main clause the prefix detaches and flies to the end of the sentence, while the verb stem is conjugated in position two.

  • Ich stehe um sieben Uhr auf.

    I get up at seven.

    stehe (2nd) … auf (end)

  • Wir kaufen am Samstag ein.

    We shop on Saturday.

  • Kaufst du heute ein?

    Are you shopping today?

    Question: verb first, prefix still last.

With modals and in the perfect it stays together

  • After a modal, the verb is an infinitive at the end and the prefix stays attached: “Ich muss früh aufstehen.”
  • In the perfect tense, the -ge- slots between prefix and stem: aufstehen → aufgestanden, einkaufen → eingekauft.

Separable or not?

Prefixes like ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, vor-, zu- are separable and stressed. A small set (be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, ver-, zer-) are inseparable and unstressed — they never split (verstehen → ich verstehe, not *stehe ver).

  • Ich aufstehe um sieben.

    Ich stehe um sieben auf.

    The prefix separates and goes to the end.

  • Er hat eingekaufen.

    Er hat eingekauft.

    The past participle is eingekauft, with -ge- inside.

Now practice it

Sets that put this grammar to work:

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