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Das Präsens

German present tense: how to conjugate verbs

How to conjugate regular German verbs in the present tense, the endings for each person, and the common vowel-changing and irregular verbs like sein and haben.

Try one first — then read

Mein Bruder liebt Sport.

Er ___ Fußball.

Pick one. The rule is right below, either way.

Watch the lesson

5:33

The four endings that cover almost every German verb, and the two things that break them — both of which turn out to be predictable.

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To conjugate a verb means to change its ending so it matches the subject. German is very regular here: take the infinitive (spielen — to play), drop the -en to get the stem (spiel-), and add the ending for the person.

Regular endings — spielen (to play)
PersonEndingForm
ich-espiele
du-stspielst
er/sie/es-tspielt
wir-enspielen
ihr-tspielt
sie/Sie-enspielen

Small spelling adjustments

  • Stem ends in -t or -d (arbeiten, finden): add an extra -e for sound → du arbeitest, er findet.
  • Stem ends in -s, -ß, -z (reisen, heißen, tanzen): the du form drops one s → du reist, du heißt, du tanzt.

Vowel-changing (stem-changing) verbs

A group of common verbs change their stem vowel in the du and er/sie/es forms only. You simply have to learn which ones — but the change is predictable within each verb.

  • fahren → du fährst, er fährt

    to drive

    a → ä

  • essen → du isst, er isst

    to eat

    e → i

  • sehen → du siehst, er sieht

    to see

    e → ie

The two verbs you must know cold: sein & haben
Personsein (to be)haben (to have)
ichbinhabe
dubisthast
er/sie/esisthat
wirsindhaben
ihrseidhabt
sie/Siesindhaben
  • Er spielen Fußball.

    Er spielt Fußball.

    er takes the -t ending, not -en.

  • Du esst gern Pizza.

    Du isst gern Pizza.

    essen changes e → i in the du form and drops one s.

Now practice it

Sets that put this grammar to work:

Or open a whole shelf: A1 reading

Reading about it is the easy half

The rule sticks when you get it wrong a few times and someone explains why. This set drills exactly what you just read:

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