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Verneinung: kein oder nicht?

kein or nicht? German negation made simple

German has two ways to say no: kein negates nouns, nicht negates everything else. The rule for choosing, where nicht actually goes in the sentence, and the handful of cases that trip people up.

Try one first — then read

Möchtest du einen Kaffee?

Nein danke, ich trinke ___ Kaffee.

Pick one. The rule is right below, either way.

English gets by with one word — “not”. German splits the job in two, and choosing between them is almost always mechanical: if you are negating a noun, use kein. For anything else — a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a whole statement — use nicht.

The one-question test

Ask: am I saying “no + noun”, or “not”? If the English would be “no…”, “not a…” or “not any…”, German wants kein. Otherwise it wants nicht.

  • Ich habe kein Auto.

    I don't have a car.

    negating the noun Auto → kein

  • Ich habe keine Zeit.

    I don't have time.

    Zeit is a noun → keine (feminine)

  • Das ist nicht mein Auto.

    That's not my car.

    mein is already there — you cannot stack kein on it

  • Ich arbeite nicht.

    I don't work.

    negating a verb → nicht

  • Der Kaffee ist nicht heiß.

    The coffee isn't hot.

    negating an adjective → nicht

kein takes endings — it behaves like ein

kein is not a fixed word. It declines exactly like the indefinite article ein, with the same endings, and it also has a plural (which ein does not).

kein in the nominative and accusative
masculinefeminineneuterplural
Nominativkein Hundkeine Katzekein Autokeine Kinder
Akkusativkeinen Hundkeine Katzekein Autokeine Kinder

Tipp · If you can say ein there, say kein there — same ending. “Ich sehe einen Hund” → “Ich sehe keinen Hund.”

Where does nicht go?

This is the part that feels arbitrary and isn't. nicht goes at the END of the sentence — except that it moves in front of whatever it is specifically negating, and it never separates the verb from the piece that completes it.

  • Ich kenne den Film nicht.

    I don't know the film.

    negating the whole thing → nicht last

  • Ich gehe heute nicht ins Kino.

    I'm not going to the cinema today.

    before the place phrase, not after it

  • Das Buch ist nicht interessant.

    The book isn't interesting.

    before the adjective it negates

  • Ich kann heute nicht kommen.

    I can't come today.

    before the infinitive at the end

  • Nicht ich habe das gesagt.

    It wasn't me who said that.

    in front of the exact word being contradicted

The cases that catch people

  • A noun with a definite article or a possessive takes nicht, not kein: “Das ist nicht der Chef”, “Das ist nicht mein Platz”.
  • Fixed verb + noun pairs usually take kein: “Ich habe keine Angst”, “Ich spreche kein Deutsch”.
  • nichts is a different word — it means “nothing”, not “not”: “Ich sehe nichts.”
  • For emphasis you will hear “gar nicht” (not at all) and “gar kein” (none whatsoever). Both are normal in speech.
  • Ich habe nicht ein Auto.

    Ich habe kein Auto.

    Negating a noun with the indefinite article — that is exactly what kein is for.

  • Das ist kein mein Buch.

    Das ist nicht mein Buch.

    You cannot put kein in front of a possessive. Use nicht.

  • Ich nicht verstehe das.

    Ich verstehe das nicht.

    German is not English: nicht does not sit before the verb in a main clause.

Tipp · Say it to yourself as one rule: noun → kein, everything else → nicht, and nicht drifts to the end unless it is pointing at one specific word.

Now practice it

Sets that put this grammar to work:

Or open a whole shelf: A1 listening · A1 reading · A1 speaking

Reading about it is the easy half

The rule sticks when you get it wrong a few times and someone explains why. This set drills exactly what you just read:

Practise this rule now

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